Musculoskeletal System

Learn the Anatomy of the human skeleton and how it interacts with the muscles of the body; understand the innervations, blood supply and actions of each individual muscle to build a good perspective of how the body works as a unit.
Click a title to view the article on the topic and its associated quiz!
 
The Human Body

1. Anatomical Terms

  • Understand what is meant by the anatomical position
  • Be able to use anatomical descriptions correctly
  • Be able to describe movements using anatomical language

2. Structure of the Muscles

  • To be able to describe the differences in appearance of muscle cells in skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.
  • To be able to describe the organisation of muscle fibres to create a muscle.
  • To be able to describe structures of actin and myosin, and how they interact to cause muscle contraction.
  • To be able to name and explain the appearances of the sections of a sarcomere.
  • To understand the organelles present in a myocyte, and to explain how they are specialised.
  • To describe the regenerative capabilities of each type of muscle.

3. Muscles in Action

  • To describe the priciples of origins and insertions of muscles
  • To understand the actions of muscles and how to determine this from origins, insertions and directionality
  • To understand the types of shapes of muscles and how this relates to their function

4. Connective Tissue

  • Understand the construction, types and roles of connective tissues within the human body.

5. Structure of Bones

  • Recall the types of cells within bone tissue and their roles in the management of bone density
  • Understand the structure of bone and how this relates to function
  • Understand the process of how bone is created and destroyed
  • Have an awareness of common pathologies associated with the ossification process
  • Understand the basics of fracture repair

6. Basics of Bone Anatomy

  • Understand bone shapes and their role within the human body
  • Understand the key functional bones in the body

7. Joints

  • Define ‘a joint’
  • Describe the three main subtypes of joints
  • Describe the five main types of synovial joint.

8. The Spine

  • Understand the anatomy of the spine and how this relates to its function

9. Dermatomes and Myotomes

  • Understand the development of the spinal cord and how this relates to the motor and sensory functions we experience
  • Recall the areas of the dermatome/myotome map from memory
  • Recall the myotome functions based on myotome roots

10. The Brachial Plexus

  • To recall the parts of the Brachial Plexus, including the roots and peripheral nerves
  • To recall the functions of the peripheral nerves and how these relate to the roots
  • To be able to use the "Brachial Plexus Story" to help recall these functions
  • Understand the consequences of damage to the Brachial Plexus

11. The Lumbar Plexus

  • To recall the parts of the Lumbar Plexus, including the roots and peripheral nerves
  • To recall the functions of the peripheral nerves and how these relate to the root
  • Understand the consequences of damage to the Lumbar Plexus

12. The Sacral Plexus

  • To recall the parts of the Sacral Plexus, including the roots and peripheral nerves
  • To recall the functions of the peripheral nerves and how these relate to the root
  • Understand the consequences of damage to the Sacral Plexus
Clinical Conditions

1. Conditions of the Foot

  • Describe the common conditions of the foot
  • Describe the common presentations of foot conditions
  • Describe some of the secondary complications of foot conditions

2. Conditions of the Ankle

  • Describe the common conditions of the ankle
  • Describe the common presentations of ankle conditions
  • Describe some of the secondary complications of ankle conditions
3. Conditions of the Lower Leg
  • Describe the common conditions of the leg
  • Describe the common presentations of leg conditions
  • Describe some of the secondary complications of leg conditions
4. Conditions of the Knee
  • Describe the common conditions of the knee
  • Describe the common presentations of knee conditions
  • Describe some of the secondary complications of knee conditions
5. Conditions of the Thigh
  • Describe the common conditions of the thigh
  • Describe the common presentations of thigh conditions
  • Describe some of the secondary complications of thigh conditions
6. Conditions of the Hip
  • Describe the common conditions of the hip
  • Describe the common presentations of hip conditions
  • Describe some of the secondary complications of hip conditions
7. Conditions of the Lower Back
  • Describe the common conditions of the lower back
  • Describe the presentation of lower back conditions
  • Describe some secondary complications of lower back conditions
8. Conditions of the Back and Neck
  • Describe the common conditions of the back and neck
  • Describe the common presentations of back and neck conditions
  • Describe some of the secondary complications of back and neck conditions
9. Conditions of the Shoulder and Clavicle
  • Describe the common conditions of the shoulder and clavicle
  • Describe the common presentations of shoulder and clavicle conditions
  • Describe some of the secondary complications of shoulder and clavicle conditions
10. Conditions of the Arm
  • Describe the common conditions of the arm
  • Describe the common presentations of arm conditions
  • Describe some of the secondary complications of arm conditions
11. Conditions of the Elbow
  • Describe the common conditions of the elbow
  • Describe the common presentations of elbow conditions
  • Describe some of the secondary complications of elbow conditions
12. Conditions of the Forearm and Wrist
  • Describe the common conditions of the hip
  • Describe the common presentations of hip conditions
  • Describe some of the secondary complications of hip conditions
13. Conditions of the Hand
  • Describe the common conditions of the hip
  • Describe the common presentations of hip conditions
  • Describe some of the secondary complications of hip conditions
Musculoskeletal Anatomy

1. Muscles of the Gluteal Region

  • Understand the different muscles of the gluteal region and their relative movements.

2. Muscles of the Thigh

  • Understand the different muscle compartments of the thigh and their relative movements.
3. Key Areas of the Lower Limb
  • Understand the clinical relevance, boundaries and contents of regions within the lower limb.
4. The Bones of the Lower Limb
  • Learn about the bones that form the lower limb, including the distinct bony landmarks and their clinical relevance.
5. The Bones of the Foot
  • Identify and understand the location, function and clinical relevance of bones of the foot.
6. Muscles of the Lower Leg
  • Understand the different muscle compartments of the leg and their relative movements.
7. Bones of the Upper Limb
  • Understand the location, articulation and clinical relevance of key bones in the upper limb.
8. Muscles of the Shoulder
  • Understand the location and function of muscles of the shoulder.
9. Muscles of the Upper Arm
  • Understand the origin, attachment and function of muscles in the arm.
10. Bones of the Hand
  • Understand the location and clinical significance of bones within the hand.
11. Muscles of the Forearm
  • Identify the origin, attachment and function of different muscles in the forearm.
12. Key Areas of the Upper Limb
  • To understand the borders, contents and clinical relevance of key areas in the upper limb.
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