1. Basics of Neuroanatomy

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2. Cells and Components of the Nervous System

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3. Arterial Supply to the Brain

• Understand how the brain is supplied with the vast supply of oxygen it requires.
• Know the anatomy of the arterial supply of the brain, including which vessels supply which areas of the brain and the basics of how a blockage in one of these arteries may manifest clinically.

4. Development of the Nervous System

• Understand how the nervous system develops and how this links to function.
• Be aware of some conditions caused by errors in nervous system development.

5. Production and Circulation of CSF and Related Disorders

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6. Somatosensory System

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7. Motor System

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8. Visual System

• Understand anatomy of visual pathway: retina, optic nerve, chiasm, tract, radiations, visual cortex.
• Describe visual field mapping and interpretation in lesion localisation.
• Recognise common visual pathway lesions: hemianopia, quadrantanopia, optic neuritis.
• Explain pupillary light reflex and its neural circuitry components.
• Apply basic neuro-ophthalmic examination techniques: visual acuity, field testing, fundoscopy.

9. Higher Cortical Function

• Understand cortical regions: prefrontal, parietal, temporal, occipital lobes and their higher functions.
• Describe executive functions: planning, decision‑making, inhibition control, working memory.
• Recognise language centres: Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas, and associated disorders (aphasia).
• Explain spatial processing: parietal contributions to visuospatial skills and neglect syndromes.
• Apply clinical assessment: cognitive testing for executive function, language, and spatial deficits.

10. Reticular Formation

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11. Movement Disorders

• Define major movement disorder types: parkinsonism, tremor, chorea, dystonia, myoclonus, tics.
• Describe basal ganglia circuitry dysfunction underlying movement disorders.
• Recognise key clinical features and phenomenology of common movement disorders.
• Explain basic neuropsychiatric aspects associated with movement disorders.
• Outline general diagnostic approaches and differential diagnosis strategies.
• Summarise primary treatment options and management principles.

12. Infections and Prion Disease

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13. Dementia

• Define dementia and distinguish major types like Alzheimer’s, vascular, Lewy body, frontotemporal.
• Describe key neuroanatomical changes in dementia (e.g., hippocampal atrophy, cortical degeneration).
• Recognise clinical features: memory, executive function, behavioural and psychiatric symptoms.
• Outline basic diagnostic approach including cognitive testing and neuroimaging indications.
• Summarise general management strategies: pharmacological treatments and supportive care principles.

14. Delirium

• Define delirium as an acute disturbance in attention, awareness and cognition.
• Identify key risk factors predisposing to delirium development.
• Recognise core clinical features including inattention, disorientation, psychomotor changes and perceptual disturbances.
• Distinguish delirium from dementia, depression and psychosis by onset and symptom fluctuations.
• Describe basic diagnostic evaluation including screening tools and investigations.
• Outline general prevention and management: treat underlying causes, non‑pharmacological care, and cautious medication use.

15. Headaches

• Define headaches and differentiate between primary and secondary headache disorders.
• Describe common primary headache types: tension‑type, migraine, cluster, and their presumed pathophysiology.
• Recognise key clinical features distinguishing headache subtypes: pain pattern, duration, associated symptoms.
• Identify red‑flag symptoms indicating potential secondary headache requiring urgent investigation.
• Outline general management principles: acute treatments, preventive strategies and lifestyle modification.

16. Stroke

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17. Raised Intracranial Pressure (ICP)

• Define raised intracranial pressure (ICP) and normal pressure parameters.
• Explain Monro–Kellie doctrine balancing CSF, blood, and brain volumes.
• Recognise clinical signs: headache, vomiting, papilloedema, ocular palsies, altered consciousness.
• Describe Cushing’s triad physiology: hypertension, bradycardia, abnormal respiration.
• Outline key management principles: treating cause, head elevation, osmotherapy, ventilation support.

18. Subarachnoid Haemorrhage

• Define subarachnoid haemorrhage and recognise it as a neurological emergency
• Describe common traumatic and aneurysmal causes and key risk factors
• Explain early brain injury and delayed cerebral ischaemia mechanisms
• Recognise classic presentation: thunder-clap headache, vomiting, seizures, neck stiffness, reduced consciousness
• Outline urgent diagnostics: non-contrast CT, cerebral angiography and lumbar puncture sequencing
• Summarise acute management including nimodipine, monitoring, aneurysm coiling or clipping to prevent re-bleed

19. Anxiety

• Define anxiety and describe its adaptive role and typical physical symptoms
• Explain limbic system structures, stress response stages, and neurotransmitters in anxiety
• Identify medical conditions mimicking anxiety and classify risk factors: predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating
• Describe features and management of generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder
• Recognise social and specific phobias and evidence-based therapies, including exposure and CBT
• Distinguish OCD and PTSD from acute stress reaction; outline key treatments, including EMDR

20. Mood Disorders

• Define depression, mania, hypomania, and diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder
• List risk factors and precipitating factors for depressive episodes
• Distinguish adjustment reactions from clinical depression based on duration and biological symptoms
• Recognise hallmark features of manic and hypomanic episodes
• Describe limbic, frontal, basal ganglia involvement and key neurotransmitters in mood regulation
• Summarise pharmacological and supportive management for depression and bipolar disorder

21. Psychosis

• Define psychosis and key symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, poor insight
• Identify organic causes requiring exclusion before diagnosing functional psychosis
• Recognise schizophrenia risk factors and Schneider’s First Rank psychotic symptoms
• Explain dopamine and autoimmune hypotheses underlying schizophrenia pathophysiology
• Outline antipsychotic treatment: typical versus atypical, mechanisms and side effects
• Distinguish drug-induced, affective, and post-partum psychoses and their clinical significance