Leicester Medical School Phase 1 Cheat Sheet

Hands-on training in the basics of patient care in a healthcare assistant role, working towards the Care Certificate (a national set of basic care standards for health and social care workers). Read up on the observations, safety and patient groups you meet on the ward.

Patient-Centred Care

• Child Safeguarding
• Falls
• Ageing
• Palliative Care

From other subjects

• Blood Pressure Measurement OSCE Guide
• Venepuncture and Blood Cultures OSCE Guide
• Sepsis
• Patient Safety and Quality Control
• Dementia
• Delirium

Practice Patient-Centred Care questions on SimpleMed+

The cell from the inside: organelles, proteins, enzymes and DNA, then how genes are inherited, mutated, repaired and tested for in the clinic.

Cell Physiology and Biology

• Introduction to the Cell
• Biological Membranes
• Structure of Proteins
• Enzymes and Regulation of Protein Function
• Protein Function in Oxygen Transport
• Protein Targeting
• Post-translational Modification and Collagen Biosynthesis
• Introduction to DNA
• The Cell Cycle, Checkpoints and Apoptosis
• Molecular Techniques for Medics

Genetics

• Mitosis and Meiosis
• Genotype, Phenotype, and Inheritance
• Gene Expression
• Introduction to Gene Mutation
• DNA Repair and Cancer
• Epigenetics, Genomic Imprinting and Mitochondrial Inheritance
• Genetic Testing and Counselling

From other subjects

• Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism
• Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Newborn Screening

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Cell Physiology and Biology, Genetics

How cells are built into the four basic tissues (epithelium, connective tissue, muscle and nerve) and how each is specialised for its job. Histology (the study of tissues under the microscope) slides start here.

Musculoskeletal System

• Connective Tissue
• Cartilage: Structure, Growth and Repair
• Structure of Bones
• Basics of Bone Anatomy
• Joints
• Structure of the Muscles
• Anatomical Terms

From other subjects

• How to Read a Histology Slide
• Epithelium, Skin and Exocrine Glands
• Cells and Components of the Nervous System
• Post-translational Modification and Collagen Biosynthesis
• Basics of Embryology

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Musculoskeletal System, Embryology

How the body releases, stores and regulates energy, the hormones that control it and how blood is made. Diabetes, obesity, anaemia and nutrition tie the three together.

Metabolism

• Energy Reactions in Cells
• Dietary Energy Production
• Glycolysis
• Oxygen-dependent Pathway
• Energy Storage
• Lipid Metabolism and Transport
• Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism
• Alcohol Metabolism
• Oxidative Stress
• Metabolic and Endocrine Regulation
• Temperature Regulation
• Nutrition, Diet and Body Weight
• Vitamins, Cofactors, Minerals and Trace Elements
• Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism
• Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Newborn Screening

Endocrinology

• An Introduction to Endocrinology
• Control of Appetite
• The Endocrine Pancreas
• Diabetes Mellitus
• HPA and Growth Hormone
• Pituitary Disorders
• The Thyroid Gland
• The Adrenal Glands and Adrenal Disorders
• Calcium Metabolism

Haematology

• Haematopoiesis and the Spleen
• Iron Metabolism
• Vitamin B12 and Folate
• Full Blood Count
• Anaemia
• Haemoglobinopathies
• When Haematopoiesis Goes Wrong
• Haematology in Systemic Disease
• Blood Groups, Crossmatching and Transfusion Reactions

From other subjects

• Protein Function in Oxygen Transport

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Metabolism, Endocrinology, Haematology

Medicine at the scale of whole populations: how disease is measured and tracked, how studies are designed and read and how evidence and prevention shape care.

Population and Social Science

• Introduction to Population Science
• Epidemiological Studies
• Describing Data and Testing Hypotheses
• Evidence-Based Practice
• Population and Social Science Summary

From other subjects

• Child Immunisations
• Travel-related Infections

Practice Population and Social Science questions on SimpleMed+

How to approach a patient with a possible infection: the main bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, how the body fights them and how we test for and treat them.

Infection

• An Introduction to Infection
• The Infection Model
• Bacterial Structure, Classification and Growth
• Gram Staining and Infection Investigations
• Streptococci
• Staphylococci and Other Gram-positive Bacteria
• Gram-negative Bacteria: Structure, Entry Routes and Endotoxin
• The Organisms Gram Staining Misses
• Principles of Medical Virology
• Fungi and Parasites: The Eukaryotic Pathogens
• Biofilms
• Innate Immunity
• Adaptive Immunity
• The Immunocompromised Host
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
• Hepatitis
• Sepsis
• Travel-related Infections
• Antibiotics

From other subjects

• Antivirals
• Tuberculosis
• Infections of the Central Nervous System

Practice Infection questions on SimpleMed+

The bones, joints, muscles and nerves of the upper limb, lower limb and spine, learnt through the common injuries and conditions that bring patients to clinic.

Musculoskeletal System

• Anatomical Terms
• Basics of Bone Anatomy
• Structure of Bones
• Cartilage: Structure, Growth and Repair
• Connective Tissue
• Joints
• Structure of the Muscles
• Muscles in Action
• Dermatomes and Myotomes
• Bones of the Upper Limb
• Bones of the Hand
• Key Areas of the Upper Limb
• Muscles of the Shoulder
• Muscles of the Upper Arm
• Muscles of the Forearm
• The Brachial Plexus
• Conditions of the Shoulder and Clavicle
• Conditions of the Arm
• Conditions of the Elbow
• Conditions of the Wrist
• Conditions of the Hand
• Bones of the Lower Limb
• Bones of the Foot
• Key Areas of the Lower Limb
• Muscles of the Gluteal Region
• Muscles of the Thigh
• Muscles of the Lower Leg
• The Lumbar Plexus
• The Sacral Plexus
• Conditions of the Hip
• Conditions of the Thigh
• Conditions of the Knee
• Conditions of the Lower Leg
• Conditions of the Ankle
• Conditions of the Foot
• The Spine
• Conditions of the Back and Neck
• Conditions of the Lower Back

OSCE

• GALS Screening OSCE Examination
• Shoulder OSCE Examination
• Elbow OSCE Examination
• Hand and Wrist OSCE Examination
• Hip OSCE Examination
• Knee OSCE Examination
• Ankle and Foot OSCE Examination
• Spine OSCE Examination

From other subjects

• Development of the Limbs and Body Wall
• Rheumatoid Arthritis

Practice Musculoskeletal System questions on SimpleMed+

How the heart and vessels are built and controlled, how we examine and image them and what goes wrong in common heart and circulation disease.

Cardiovascular System

• Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System
• Embryological Development of the CVS
• The Cardiac Cycle
• Cardiac Conduction and Contraction
• Control of Cardiac Output
• Pulses and Pressures
• Special Circulations
• Electrocardiograms
• Electrocardiogram Pathology
• Murmurs
• Hypertension
• Acute Coronary Syndrome
• Heart Failure
• Artery and Vein Disease
• Congenital Heart Defects
• Haemodynamic Shock
• Cardiovascular Drugs

OSCE

• Cardiovascular System OSCE Examination
• Peripheral Vascular OSCE Examination
• Blood Pressure Measurement OSCE Guide

From other subjects

• Atherosclerosis

Practice Cardiovascular System questions on SimpleMed+

How cells move ions, fire signals and talk to each other, and how drugs exploit those same receptors and pathways. Pharmacokinetics (what the body does to a drug) and pharmacodynamics (what a drug does to the body) begin here.

Cell Physiology and Biology

• Biological Membranes
• Membrane Transport and Intracellular Calcium Regulation
• Membrane Potentials
• Action Potentials
• G-Protein Coupled Receptors
• Enzyme-linked and Intracellular Receptor Signalling
• Autonomic Nervous System Introduction

Pharmacology

• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacodynamics
• Cholinergic Pharmacology
• Adrenergic Pharmacology
• Research Methods in Pharmacology

From other subjects

• An Introduction to Endocrinology

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Cell Physiology and Biology, Pharmacology

The handful of processes behind most disease: inflammation, repair, adaptation, thrombosis and cancer.

Pathology

• Basics of Pathology
• An Introduction to Pathology
• How to Read a Histology Slide
• Cellular Adaptations
• Acute Inflammation
• Chronic Inflammation
• Regeneration and Repair of Tissues
• The Lymphatic System
• Haemostasis and Clotting
• Thrombosis and Embolism
• Atherosclerosis
• Introduction to Neoplasia
• Pathogenesis of Neoplasms
• Behaviour of Neoplasms
• Epithelium, Skin and Exocrine Glands

From other subjects

• Haemodynamic Shock
• Teratology and Congenital Malformations

Practice Pathology questions on SimpleMed+

The patient behind the disease: how beliefs, behaviour and social circumstances affect health, how care is kept safe and how health promotion changes behaviour.

Population and Social Science

• Models of Health
• Beliefs of the Public
• Health Economics
• Patient Safety and Quality Control
• Population and Social Science Summary

Patient-Centred Care

• Lifestyle Medicine
• Men's Health
• Ageing

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Population and Social Science, Patient-Centred Care

The gut from mouth to rectum, plus the liver, gallbladder and pancreas: how they develop, digest and absorb, and the common diseases that disrupt them.

Gastrointestinal System

• Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract
• Anatomy and Physiology of the Foregut
• Anatomy and Physiology of the Midgut
• Anatomy and Physiology of the Hindgut
• Abdominal Wall and Inguinal Canal
• Gastrointestinal Motility and the Enteric Nervous System
• Gastrointestinal Secretion, Digestion and Absorption
• Liver, Biliary and Exocrine Pancreatic Physiology
• Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Pathology
• Intestinal Pathology
• Distal Gastrointestinal Tract Pathology
• Hepatic, Biliary and Pancreatic Pathology
• Gastroenteritis and Enterocolitis
• Gastrointestinal Malignancy
• Gastrointestinal Emergencies

OSCE

• Abdominal OSCE Examination
• Rectal (PR) OSCE Examination
• Stoma OSCE Examination
• Hernia OSCE Examination

From other subjects

• Hepatitis
• Alcohol Metabolism

Practice Gastrointestinal System questions on SimpleMed+

Male and female reproductive anatomy, the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, birth and the menopause, along with common gynaecological, obstetric and breast conditions.

Reproductive System

• Anatomy of the Woman
• Anatomy of the Man
• The Pelvic Floor
• Development of the Reproductive System
• Gametogenesis
• Puberty
• The Menstrual Cycle and Menstrual Abnormalities
• Sex, Infertility and Contraception
• The Placenta
• Physiology of the Mother
• Physiology of the Fetus
• Diseases of the Mother in Pregnancy
• Labour and Delivery
• The Postpartum Period
• The Menopause
• Infections of the Reproductive Tract
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
• Malignancies of the Reproductive Tract
• Introduction to the Breast
• Benign Conditions of the Breast
• Malignant Breast Disease

From other subjects

• Teratology and Congenital Malformations
• Reproductive and Post-reproductive Health
• Breast OSCE Examination
• Testicular OSCE Examination

Practice Reproductive System questions on SimpleMed+

How the kidneys filter blood and control water, salt, potassium and acid, how kidney function is measured and the diseases of the kidneys, bladder and prostate.

Urinary System

• Anatomy of the Kidneys, Bladder and Urethra
• Development of the Urinary System
• The Nephron
• Glomerular Filtration Rate and the Measurement of Kidney Function
• The Glomerulus: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion
• Control of Plasma Osmolarity
• Control of Plasma Volume
• Control of Potassium
• Hyponatraemia
• Micturition
• Diuretics
• Acute Kidney Injury
• Chronic Kidney Disease
• Glomerular Disease
• Diabetic Nephropathy
• Urinary Tract Infections
• Urinary Tract Obstruction
• Urinary Incontinence
• Male Urological Conditions
• Prostate Pathology
• Urological Malignancy

Practice Urinary System questions on SimpleMed+

How we breathe, exchange gases and keep blood pH steady, how lung function is tested and the common airway, infective and malignant lung diseases.

Respiratory System

• Anatomy of the Respiratory System
• Development of the Respiratory System
• Ventilation and Lung Mechanics
• Properties of Gas Exchange
• Carbon Dioxide Transport
• Chemical Control of Breathing and Plasma pH
• Lung Function Testing
• Asthma
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Pneumonia and other Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
• Tuberculosis
• Bronchiectasis and Cystic Fibrosis
• Pneumothorax and Pleural Effusion
• Pulmonary Embolism
• Lung Cancer
• Respiratory Failure

From other subjects

• Respiratory System OSCE Examination

Practice Respiratory System questions on SimpleMed+

The skull, face, neck and special senses in their clinical context, the cranial nerves and a first look at the brain, its coverings and its blood supply.

Head and Neck

• Introduction to Head & Neck Anatomy
• Development of the Head and Neck
• The Skull
• Fascial Planes, Muscles and Triangles
• Blood Supply to the Head and Neck
• Autonomics of the Head and Neck
• Cranial Nerves I-VI
• Cranial Nerves VII-XII
• The Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
• The Oral Cavity and Pharynx
• The Nose
• The Larynx
• The Eye
• Anatomy of the Ear
• Ear Pathology
• Lymph Nodes and Neck Lumps
• Head and Neck Cancers
• Imaging of the Head and Neck
• The Meninges

Neuroanatomy and Psychiatry

• Basics of Neuroanatomy
• Development of the Nervous System
• Arterial Supply to the Brain
• Production and Circulation of CSF and Related Disorders

OSCE

• Cranial Nerve OSCE Examination
• Eye and Vision OSCE Examination
• Ear, Otoscopy and Hearing OSCE Examination
• Nasal OSCE Examination
• Neck Lump OSCE Examination
• Thyroid Status OSCE Examination

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Head and Neck, Neuroanatomy and Psychiatry

How the immune system protects us, and what happens when it overreacts, attacks the body or fails, taught through allergy, autoimmunity and immunodeficiency.

Infection

• Innate Immunity
• Adaptive Immunity
• The Immunocompromised Host
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Immunology

• Hypersensitivity Reactions
• Type 1 Hypersensitivity
• Food Allergy
• Introduction to Autoimmunity
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Immunological Therapies

From other subjects

• The Lymphatic System
• Blood Groups, Crossmatching and Transfusion Reactions
• Immunosuppression and Disease-modifying Therapy

Practice Immunology questions on SimpleMed+

Pharmacology applied to real patients, system by system and drug class by drug class, plus the principles of writing a safe prescription.

Pharmacology

• Safe Prescribing
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacogenetics
• Poisoning and STOPP/START
• Research Methods in Pharmacology
• Hypertension and Heart Failure
• Cardiac Arrhythmias
• Antiplatelets, Anticoagulants and Thrombolysis
• Hyperlipidaemias
• Diuretics and Renal Pharmacology
• Pharmacology of Airway Control
• Drugs Affecting Acid Secretion
• Antiemetics and Laxatives
• Pharmacology of Insulin
• Reproductive and Post-reproductive Health
• Antibiotics
• Antivirals
• Cancer Chemotherapy
• Immunosuppression and Disease-modifying Therapy
• NSAIDs
• Opioids
• Anaesthetics
• Epilepsy and Anti-epileptic Drugs
• Parkinson's Disease and Myasthenia Gravis
• Introduction to Psychopharmacology
• Cholinergic Pharmacology
• Adrenergic Pharmacology

From other subjects

• Cardiovascular Drugs

Practice Pharmacology questions on SimpleMed+

Revisits Phase 1 from new angles, with a focus on older people, children and other patient groups with particular needs.

Patient-Centred Care

• Ageing
• Falls
• Palliative Care
• Child Safeguarding
• Child Immunisations
• Sepsis in Paediatrics
• Men's Health

From other subjects

• Delirium
• Dementia
• Poisoning and STOPP/START
• Haematology in Systemic Disease
• Congenital Heart Defects
• Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Newborn Screening
• Index Conditions for OSCE exams

Practice Patient-Centred Care questions on SimpleMed+

How the brain and nerves work and the neuroscience behind common neurological, psychological and psychiatric conditions, from stroke and dementia to mood disorders and psychosis.

Neuroanatomy and Psychiatry

• Basics of Neuroanatomy
• Cells and Components of the Nervous System
• Development of the Nervous System
• Arterial Supply to the Brain
• Production and Circulation of CSF and Related Disorders
• Somatosensory System
• Motor System
• The Cerebellum: Circuits, Coordination and Clinical Signs
• Reticular Formation
• The Hypothalamus and Limbic System
• Higher Cortical Function
• Visual System
• Auditory and Vestibular Systems
• Stroke
• Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
• Raised Intracranial Pressure
• Headaches
• Movement Disorders
• Infections of the Central Nervous System
• Dementia
• Delirium
• Mood Disorders
• Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders
• Psychosis

Pharmacology

• Epilepsy and Anti-epileptic Drugs
• Parkinson's Disease and Myasthenia Gravis
• Introduction to Psychopharmacology

OSCE

• Upper Limb Neurological OSCE Examination
• Lower Limb Neurological OSCE Examination
• Cerebellar OSCE Examination

Practice Neuroanatomy and Psychiatry questions on SimpleMed+

Runs alongside every semester. You learn to take a history, examine each body system and communicate well with patients, relatives and colleagues, first with actors and then with real patients.

Browse every examination guide on the SimpleMed OSCE hub

Start here

• Index Conditions for OSCE exams
• Blood Pressure Measurement OSCE Guide
• Venepuncture and Blood Cultures OSCE Guide

Heart, lungs and circulation

• Cardiovascular System OSCE Examination
• Respiratory System OSCE Examination
• Peripheral Vascular OSCE Examination
• Varicose Vein OSCE Examination
• Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) OSCE Examination

Abdomen and groin

• Abdominal OSCE Examination
• Rectal (PR) OSCE Examination
• Stoma OSCE Examination
• Hernia OSCE Examination
• Testicular OSCE Examination

Nervous system

• Cranial Nerve OSCE Examination
• Upper Limb Neurological OSCE Examination
• Lower Limb Neurological OSCE Examination
• Cerebellar OSCE Examination

Joints and spine

• GALS Screening OSCE Examination
• Shoulder OSCE Examination
• Elbow OSCE Examination
• Hand and Wrist OSCE Examination
• Hip OSCE Examination
• Knee OSCE Examination
• Ankle and Foot OSCE Examination
• Spine OSCE Examination

Endocrine

• Thyroid Status OSCE Examination
• Diabetic Foot OSCE Examination
• Cushing's Syndrome OSCE Examination
• Acromegaly OSCE Examination

Eyes, ears, nose and neck

• Eye and Vision OSCE Examination
• Visual Acuity OSCE Assessment
• Fundoscopy (Ophthalmoscopy) OSCE Examination
• Anterior Segment Eye OSCE Examination
• Ear, Otoscopy and Hearing OSCE Examination
• Nasal OSCE Examination
• Neck Lump OSCE Examination

Skin, breast and lymph nodes

• Pigmented Skin Lesion OSCE Examination
• Rash and Non-Pigmented Skin Lesion OSCE Examination
• Breast OSCE Examination
• Lymphoreticular OSCE Examination

Surface anatomy

• Anatomical Terms
• Key Areas of the Upper Limb
• Key Areas of the Lower Limb
• Dermatomes and Myotomes

The wider consultation

• Models of Health
• Beliefs of the Public
• Evidence-Based Practice
• Lifestyle Medicine
• Palliative Care
• Stroke

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: OSCE, Patient-Centred Care