Surrey Medical School Year 1 Cheat Sheet

The opening block (GEM stands for Graduate Entry Medicine). The articles cover anatomical language, the cell and how to read data and studies.

Population and Social Science

• Beliefs of the Public
• Describing Data and Testing Hypotheses
• Epidemiological Studies
• Evidence-Based Practice
• Health Economics
• Introduction to Population Science
• Models of Health
• Patient Safety and Quality Control
• Population and Social Science Summary

Cell Physiology and Biology

• Introduction to the Cell
• Biological Membranes
• Structure of Proteins
• Enzymes and Regulation of Protein Function
• Protein Function in Oxygen Transport
• Protein Targeting
• Post-translational Modification and Collagen Biosynthesis
• Introduction to DNA
• The Cell Cycle, Checkpoints and Apoptosis
• Molecular Techniques for Medics

OSCE

• Blood Pressure Measurement OSCE Guide
• Venepuncture and Blood Cultures OSCE Guide
• Index Conditions for OSCE exams

From other subjects

• Anatomical Terms
• An Introduction to Pathology
• How to Read a Histology Slide

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Population and Social Science, Cell Physiology and Biology

Getting oxygen to the tissues: heart, circulation, lungs and blood, their common diseases and drugs.

Heart and circulation

• Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System
• Embryological Development of the CVS
• The Cardiac Cycle
• Cardiac Conduction and Contraction
• Control of Cardiac Output
• Pulses and Pressures
• Special Circulations
• Haemodynamic Shock
• Electrocardiograms

Cardiovascular disease

• Acute Coronary Syndrome
• Artery and Vein Disease
• Congenital Heart Defects
• Electrocardiogram Pathology
• Heart Failure
• Hypertension
• Murmurs
• Cardiovascular Drugs

Lungs and breathing

• Anatomy of the Respiratory System
• Development of the Respiratory System
• Ventilation and Lung Mechanics
• Properties of Gas Exchange
• Carbon Dioxide Transport
• Chemical Control of Breathing and Plasma pH
• Lung Function Testing

Respiratory disease

• Asthma
• Bronchiectasis and Cystic Fibrosis
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Lung Cancer
• Pneumonia and other Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
• Pneumothorax and Pleural Effusion
• Pulmonary Embolism
• Respiratory Failure
• Tuberculosis

Blood

• Anaemia
• Blood Groups, Crossmatching and Transfusion Reactions
• Full Blood Count
• Haematology in Systemic Disease
• Haematopoiesis and the Spleen
• Haemoglobinopathies
• Iron Metabolism
• Vitamin B12 and Folate
• When Haematopoiesis Goes Wrong
• Haemostasis and Clotting
• Thrombosis and Embolism
• Atherosclerosis
• The Lymphatic System

Drugs

• Antiplatelets, Anticoagulants and Thrombolysis
• Cardiac Arrhythmias
• Diuretics and Renal Pharmacology
• Hyperlipidaemias
• Hypertension and Heart Failure
• Pharmacology of Airway Control

Examination

• Cardiovascular System OSCE Examination
• Respiratory System OSCE Examination
• Peripheral Vascular OSCE Examination
• Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) OSCE Examination

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Cardiovascular System, Respiratory System, Haematology

Energy, nutrition and fluid balance: metabolic pathways, the endocrine system, the gut, liver and kidneys, with the diseases of each.

Cells, proteins and enzymes

• Introduction to the Cell
• Biological Membranes
• Structure of Proteins
• Enzymes and Regulation of Protein Function
• Protein Function in Oxygen Transport
• Protein Targeting
• Post-translational Modification and Collagen Biosynthesis
• Introduction to DNA
• The Cell Cycle, Checkpoints and Apoptosis
• Molecular Techniques for Medics

Metabolism and nutrition

• Alcohol Metabolism
• Dietary Energy Production
• Energy Reactions in Cells
• Energy Storage
• Glycolysis
• Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Newborn Screening
• Lipid Metabolism and Transport
• Metabolic and Endocrine Regulation
• Nutrition, Diet and Body Weight
• Oxidative Stress
• Oxygen-dependent Pathway
• Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism
• Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism
• Temperature Regulation
• Vitamins, Cofactors, Minerals and Trace Elements

Hormones

• An Introduction to Endocrinology
• Calcium Metabolism
• Control of Appetite
• Diabetes Mellitus
• HPA and Growth Hormone (hypothalamic-pituitary axis)
• Pituitary Disorders
• The Adrenal Glands and Adrenal Disorders
• The Endocrine Pancreas
• The Thyroid Gland

Gut, liver and pancreas

• Abdominal Wall and Inguinal Canal
• Anatomy and Physiology of the Foregut
• Anatomy and Physiology of the Midgut
• Anatomy and Physiology of the Hindgut
• Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract
• Gastrointestinal Motility and the Enteric Nervous System
• Gastrointestinal Secretion, Digestion and Absorption
• Liver, Biliary and Exocrine Pancreatic Physiology
• Distal Gastrointestinal Tract Pathology
• Gastroenteritis and Enterocolitis
• Gastrointestinal Emergencies
• Gastrointestinal Malignancy
• Hepatic, Biliary and Pancreatic Pathology
• Intestinal Pathology
• Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Pathology

Kidneys and fluid balance

• Anatomy of the Kidneys, Bladder and Urethra
• Development of the Urinary System
• The Nephron
• The Glomerulus: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion
• Glomerular Filtration Rate and the Measurement of Kidney Function
• Control of Plasma Osmolarity
• Control of Plasma Volume
• Control of Potassium
• Micturition
• Acute Kidney Injury
• Chronic Kidney Disease
• Diabetic Nephropathy
• Diuretics
• Glomerular Disease
• Hyponatraemia
• Male Urological Conditions
• Prostate Pathology
• Urinary Incontinence
• Urinary Tract Infections
• Urinary Tract Obstruction
• Urological Malignancy

Drugs

• Drugs Affecting Acid Secretion
• Antiemetics and Laxatives
• Diuretics and Renal Pharmacology
• Pharmacology of Insulin

Examination

• Abdominal OSCE Examination
• Rectal (PR) OSCE Examination
• Stoma OSCE Examination
• Hernia OSCE Examination
• Thyroid Status OSCE Examination
• Diabetic Foot OSCE Examination

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Metabolism, Endocrinology, Gastrointestinal System, Urinary System

From gametes to birth: embryology, genetics and inheritance, the reproductive systems, pregnancy, childbirth and children.

Embryology

• Basics of Embryology
• Development of the Limbs and Body Wall
• Teratology and Congenital Malformations
• Gametogenesis
• Development of the Nervous System
• Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract
• Development of the Urinary System
• Development of the Respiratory System
• Embryological Development of the CVS
• Development of the Head and Neck
• Congenital Heart Defects

Genetics

• DNA Repair and Cancer
• Epigenetics, Genomic Imprinting and Mitochondrial Inheritance
• Gene Expression
• Genetic Testing and Counselling
• Genotype, Phenotype, and Inheritance
• Introduction to Gene Mutation
• Mitosis and Meiosis

Reproductive anatomy and physiology

• Anatomy of the Man
• Anatomy of the Woman
• Development of the Reproductive System
• Introduction to the Breast
• The Pelvic Floor
• Puberty
• The Menstrual Cycle and Menstrual Abnormalities
• The Menopause
• Sex, Infertility and Contraception

Pregnancy and childbirth

• The Placenta
• Physiology of the Mother
• Physiology of the Fetus
• Labour and Delivery
• The Postpartum Period
• Diseases of the Mother in Pregnancy

Reproductive disease

• Benign Conditions of the Breast
• Infections of the Reproductive Tract
• Malignancies of the Reproductive Tract
• Malignant Breast Disease
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Children

• Child Immunisations
• Child Safeguarding
• Sepsis in Paediatrics

Examination

• Breast OSCE Examination

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Embryology, Genetics, Reproductive System

How the brain produces thought, behaviour and mood, and what goes wrong in mental illness and brain disease, with the drugs that act on the brain.

Structure of the nervous system

• Basics of Neuroanatomy
• Cells and Components of the Nervous System
• Development of the Nervous System
• Arterial Supply to the Brain
• Production and Circulation of CSF and Related Disorders

Cell signalling and action potentials

• G-Protein Coupled Receptors
• Enzyme-linked and Intracellular Receptor Signalling
• Membrane Potentials
• Action Potentials
• Membrane Transport and Intracellular Calcium Regulation
• Autonomic Nervous System Introduction

Brain functions

• Higher Cortical Function
• The Hypothalamus and Limbic System
• Reticular Formation

Mental health

• Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders
• Mood Disorders
• Psychosis
• Dementia
• Delirium

Neurological disease

• Stroke
• Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
• Raised Intracranial Pressure
• Headaches
• Infections of the Central Nervous System
• Movement Disorders

Head, neck and special senses

• Anatomy of the Ear
• Autonomics of the Head and Neck
• Blood Supply to the Head and Neck
• Cranial Nerves I-VI
• Cranial Nerves VII-XII
• Development of the Head and Neck
• Ear Pathology
• Fascial Planes, Muscles and Triangles
• Head and Neck Cancers
• Imaging of the Head and Neck
• Introduction to Head & Neck Anatomy
• Lymph Nodes and Neck Lumps
• The Eye
• The Larynx
• The Meninges
• The Nose
• The Oral Cavity and Pharynx
• The Skull
• The Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

Drugs acting on the brain

• Anaesthetics
• Epilepsy and Anti-epileptic Drugs
• Introduction to Psychopharmacology
• Opioids
• Parkinson's Disease and Myasthenia Gravis
• Adrenergic Pharmacology
• Cholinergic Pharmacology

Examination

• Cranial Nerve OSCE Examination

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Neuroanatomy and Psychiatry, Pharmacology

How we move and how movement is controlled: bones, joints, muscles, nerves and the motor system, with injury, inflammation and movement disorders.

Tissues and anatomy basics

• Anatomical Terms
• Basics of Bone Anatomy
• Structure of Bones
• Cartilage: Structure, Growth and Repair
• Connective Tissue
• Joints
• Structure of the Muscles
• Muscles in Action

Upper limb

• Bones of the Upper Limb
• Bones of the Hand
• Muscles of the Shoulder
• Muscles of the Upper Arm
• Muscles of the Forearm
• Key Areas of the Upper Limb
• The Brachial Plexus
• Conditions of the Arm
• Conditions of the Elbow
• Conditions of the Hand
• Conditions of the Wrist
• Conditions of the Shoulder and Clavicle

Lower limb

• Bones of the Lower Limb
• Bones of the Foot
• Muscles of the Gluteal Region
• Muscles of the Thigh
• Muscles of the Lower Leg
• Key Areas of the Lower Limb
• The Lumbar Plexus
• The Sacral Plexus
• Conditions of the Ankle
• Conditions of the Foot
• Conditions of the Hip
• Conditions of the Knee
• Conditions of the Lower Leg
• Conditions of the Thigh

Spine and nerve supply

• Conditions of the Back and Neck
• Conditions of the Lower Back
• Dermatomes and Myotomes
• The Spine

Motor and sensory systems

• Motor System
• Somatosensory System
• The Cerebellum: Circuits, Coordination and Clinical Signs
• Movement Disorders
• Auditory and Vestibular Systems
• Visual System

Inflammatory joint disease

• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Pain relief

• NSAIDs
• Opioids

Examination

• GALS Screening OSCE Examination
• Shoulder OSCE Examination
• Elbow OSCE Examination
• Hand and Wrist OSCE Examination
• Hip OSCE Examination
• Knee OSCE Examination
• Ankle and Foot OSCE Examination
• Spine OSCE Examination
• Cranial Nerve OSCE Examination
• Upper Limb Neurological OSCE Examination
• Lower Limb Neurological OSCE Examination
• Cerebellar OSCE Examination

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Musculoskeletal System, Neuroanatomy and Psychiatry

How the body defends itself and what attacks it: infection by organism, innate and adaptive immunity, allergy, autoimmunity (the immune system attacking the body's own tissues) and antimicrobial drugs (drugs that kill microbes or stop them growing).

Infection

• An Introduction to Infection
• The Infection Model
• Bacterial Structure, Classification and Growth
• Gram Staining and Infection Investigations
• Streptococci
• Staphylococci and Other Gram-positive Bacteria
• Gram-negative Bacteria: Structure, Entry Routes and Endotoxin
• The Organisms Gram Staining Misses
• Principles of Medical Virology
• Fungi and Parasites: The Eukaryotic Pathogens
• Biofilms
• Innate Immunity
• Adaptive Immunity
• The Immunocompromised Host
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
• Hepatitis
• Sepsis
• Travel-related Infections
• Antibiotics

Immunology

• Food Allergy
• Hypersensitivity Reactions
• Immunological Therapies
• Introduction to Autoimmunity
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Type 1 Hypersensitivity

Pharmacology

• Antibiotics
• Antivirals
• Immunosuppression and Disease-modifying Therapy

From other subjects

• Tuberculosis

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Infection, Immunology

How cancer begins and spreads: cell cycle control, DNA damage and repair, tumour biology and behaviour and the main cancers and their treatment.

Cancer biology

• Introduction to Neoplasia
• Pathogenesis of Neoplasms
• Behaviour of Neoplasms
• The Cell Cycle, Checkpoints and Apoptosis
• DNA Repair and Cancer
• Introduction to Gene Mutation
• Epigenetics, Genomic Imprinting and Mitochondrial Inheritance

Injury and repair

• An Introduction to Pathology
• Basics of Pathology
• Cellular Adaptations
• Acute Inflammation
• Chronic Inflammation
• Regeneration and Repair of Tissues
• Haemostasis and Clotting
• Thrombosis and Embolism
• Atherosclerosis
• The Lymphatic System
• How to Read a Histology Slide
• Epithelium, Skin and Exocrine Glands

Cancers by system

• Lung Cancer
• Gastrointestinal Malignancy
• Urological Malignancy
• Malignant Breast Disease
• Malignancies of the Reproductive Tract
• Head and Neck Cancers

Treatment

• Cancer Chemotherapy
• Immunological Therapies

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Pathology, Genetics

Health across the later life course. Topics include ageing, frailty, falls, dementia, end of life care, prevention, lifestyle and safe prescribing in older people. Frailty means a loss of reserve, so the body copes poorly with illness. The block also lists three articles on children: immunisation, safeguarding and sepsis.

Patient-Centred Care

• Ageing
• Child Immunisations
• Child Safeguarding
• Falls
• Lifestyle Medicine
• Men's Health
• Palliative Care
• Sepsis in Paediatrics

Population and Social Science

• Health Economics
• Beliefs of the Public
• Patient Safety and Quality Control

Pharmacology

• Safe Prescribing
• Poisoning and STOPP/START
• Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacogenetics
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics

From other subjects

• Dementia
• Delirium
• The Menopause

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Patient-Centred Care, Population and Social Science

The Clinical Practice strand: history taking, examination and procedures in the Clinical Simulation Centre and on placement. These are the examination guides to practise with.

Browse every examination guide on the SimpleMed OSCE hub

Start here

• Index Conditions for OSCE exams
• Blood Pressure Measurement OSCE Guide
• Venepuncture and Blood Cultures OSCE Guide

Heart, lungs and circulation

• Cardiovascular System OSCE Examination
• Respiratory System OSCE Examination
• Peripheral Vascular OSCE Examination
• Varicose Vein OSCE Examination
• Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) OSCE Examination

Abdomen and groin

• Abdominal OSCE Examination
• Rectal (PR) OSCE Examination
• Stoma OSCE Examination
• Hernia OSCE Examination
• Testicular OSCE Examination

Nervous system

• Cranial Nerve OSCE Examination
• Upper Limb Neurological OSCE Examination
• Lower Limb Neurological OSCE Examination
• Cerebellar OSCE Examination

Joints and spine

• GALS Screening OSCE Examination
• Shoulder OSCE Examination
• Elbow OSCE Examination
• Hand and Wrist OSCE Examination
• Hip OSCE Examination
• Knee OSCE Examination
• Ankle and Foot OSCE Examination
• Spine OSCE Examination

Endocrine

• Thyroid Status OSCE Examination
• Diabetic Foot OSCE Examination
• Cushing's Syndrome OSCE Examination
• Acromegaly OSCE Examination

Eyes, ears, nose and neck

• Eye and Vision OSCE Examination
• Visual Acuity OSCE Assessment
• Fundoscopy (Ophthalmoscopy) OSCE Examination
• Anterior Segment Eye OSCE Examination
• Ear, Otoscopy and Hearing OSCE Examination
• Nasal OSCE Examination
• Neck Lump OSCE Examination

Skin, breast and lymph nodes

• Pigmented Skin Lesion OSCE Examination
• Rash and Non-Pigmented Skin Lesion OSCE Examination
• Breast OSCE Examination
• Lymphoreticular OSCE Examination

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: OSCE, Patient-Centred Care

Anatomy is taught at CASE, the Centre for Anatomical and Surgical Education. The articles cover regional anatomy and imaging.

Anatomical language and tissues

• Anatomical Terms
• Basics of Bone Anatomy
• Structure of Bones
• Cartilage: Structure, Growth and Repair
• Connective Tissue
• Joints
• Structure of the Muscles
• Muscles in Action
• How to Read a Histology Slide
• Epithelium, Skin and Exocrine Glands

Upper limb

• Bones of the Upper Limb
• Bones of the Hand
• Muscles of the Shoulder
• Muscles of the Upper Arm
• Muscles of the Forearm
• Key Areas of the Upper Limb
• The Brachial Plexus
• Conditions of the Arm
• Conditions of the Elbow
• Conditions of the Hand
• Conditions of the Wrist
• Conditions of the Shoulder and Clavicle

Lower limb

• Bones of the Lower Limb
• Bones of the Foot
• Muscles of the Gluteal Region
• Muscles of the Thigh
• Muscles of the Lower Leg
• Key Areas of the Lower Limb
• The Lumbar Plexus
• The Sacral Plexus
• Conditions of the Ankle
• Conditions of the Foot
• Conditions of the Hip
• Conditions of the Knee
• Conditions of the Lower Leg
• Conditions of the Thigh

Spine and trunk

• Conditions of the Back and Neck
• Conditions of the Lower Back
• Dermatomes and Myotomes
• The Spine
• Abdominal Wall and Inguinal Canal
• The Pelvic Floor

Thorax and abdomen

• Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System
• Embryological Development of the CVS
• Anatomy of the Respiratory System
• Development of the Respiratory System
• Anatomy and Physiology of the Foregut
• Anatomy and Physiology of the Midgut
• Anatomy and Physiology of the Hindgut
• Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract
• Anatomy of the Kidneys, Bladder and Urethra
• Development of the Urinary System
• Anatomy of the Man
• Anatomy of the Woman
• Development of the Reproductive System
• Introduction to the Breast

Head and neck

• Anatomy of the Ear
• Autonomics of the Head and Neck
• Blood Supply to the Head and Neck
• Cranial Nerves I-VI
• Cranial Nerves VII-XII
• Development of the Head and Neck
• Ear Pathology
• Fascial Planes, Muscles and Triangles
• Head and Neck Cancers
• Imaging of the Head and Neck
• Introduction to Head & Neck Anatomy
• Lymph Nodes and Neck Lumps
• The Eye
• The Larynx
• The Meninges
• The Nose
• The Oral Cavity and Pharynx
• The Skull
• The Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

Brain and nerves

• Basics of Neuroanatomy
• Cells and Components of the Nervous System
• Development of the Nervous System
• Arterial Supply to the Brain
• Production and Circulation of CSF and Related Disorders

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Musculoskeletal System, Head and Neck, Embryology

Pharmacology and prescribing across the Medical Knowledge strand. The articles cover how drugs act, drug classes by system and safe prescribing.

Principles

• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Safe Prescribing
• Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacogenetics
• Poisoning and STOPP/START
• Research Methods in Pharmacology

Autonomic drugs

• Adrenergic Pharmacology
• Cholinergic Pharmacology

Heart and circulation

• Antiplatelets, Anticoagulants and Thrombolysis
• Cardiac Arrhythmias
• Diuretics and Renal Pharmacology
• Hyperlipidaemias
• Hypertension and Heart Failure

Lungs and gut

• Pharmacology of Airway Control
• Antiemetics and Laxatives
• Drugs Affecting Acid Secretion

Brain and pain

• Anaesthetics
• Epilepsy and Anti-epileptic Drugs
• Introduction to Psychopharmacology
• Opioids
• Parkinson's Disease and Myasthenia Gravis

Infection

• Antibiotics
• Antivirals

Other drug groups

• Cancer Chemotherapy
• Immunosuppression and Disease-modifying Therapy
• NSAIDs
• Pharmacology of Insulin
• Reproductive and Post-reproductive Health

Practice Pharmacology questions on SimpleMed+

Data, study design and critical appraisal (judging how good a piece of research is), plus how the health service and public health fit together.

Population and Social Science

• Beliefs of the Public
• Describing Data and Testing Hypotheses
• Epidemiological Studies
• Evidence-Based Practice
• Health Economics
• Introduction to Population Science
• Models of Health
• Patient Safety and Quality Control
• Population and Social Science Summary

From other subjects

• Research Methods in Pharmacology
• Molecular Techniques for Medics

Practice Population and Social Science questions on SimpleMed+