Buckingham Medical School Phase 1 Cheat Sheet

Practice in bringing learning together on clinical problems, through common presentations.

• Index Conditions for OSCE exams
• Sepsis
• Haemodynamic Shock
• Acute Coronary Syndrome
• Anaemia
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Pneumonia and other Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
• Stroke
• Delirium
• Gastrointestinal Emergencies
• Hyponatraemia
• Falls

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Patient-Centred Care, Cardiovascular System

The molecular basis of cells and inheritance: proteins, enzymes, DNA, how genes are expressed and mutated, and genetic testing.

Cells and macromolecules

• Action Potentials
• Autonomic Nervous System Introduction
• Biological Membranes
• Enzyme-linked and Intracellular Receptor Signalling
• Enzymes and Regulation of Protein Function
• G-Protein Coupled Receptors
• Introduction to DNA
• Introduction to the Cell
• Membrane Potentials
• Membrane Transport and Intracellular Calcium Regulation
• Molecular Techniques for Medics
• Post-translational Modification and Collagen Biosynthesis
• Protein Function in Oxygen Transport
• Protein Targeting
• Structure of Proteins
• The Cell Cycle, Checkpoints and Apoptosis

Genes and inheritance

• DNA Repair and Cancer
• Epigenetics, Genomic Imprinting and Mitochondrial Inheritance
• Gene Expression
• Genetic Testing and Counselling
• Genotype, Phenotype, and Inheritance
• Introduction to Gene Mutation
• Mitosis and Meiosis

Related metabolism and tests

• Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism
• Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Newborn Screening

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Cell Physiology and Biology, Genetics

How cells form the four basic tissues (epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous), how each suits its job, and how to read a histology slide (a thin slice of tissue seen under a microscope).

Musculoskeletal System

• Connective Tissue
• Cartilage: Structure, Growth and Repair
• Structure of Bones
• Basics of Bone Anatomy
• Joints
• Structure of the Muscles
• Anatomical Terms

From other subjects

• How to Read a Histology Slide
• Epithelium, Skin and Exocrine Glands
• Cells and Components of the Nervous System
• Basics of Embryology
• Post-translational Modification and Collagen Biosynthesis

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Musculoskeletal System, Embryology

How the body releases, stores and regulates energy, and the nutrition behind it. The hormone (endocrine) articles are in this unit because Buckingham has no separate endocrine unit.

Metabolism and nutrition

• Alcohol Metabolism
• Dietary Energy Production
• Energy Reactions in Cells
• Energy Storage
• Glycolysis
• Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Newborn Screening
• Lipid Metabolism and Transport
• Metabolic and Endocrine Regulation
• Nutrition, Diet and Body Weight
• Oxidative Stress
• Oxygen-dependent Pathway
• Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism
• Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism
• Temperature Regulation
• Vitamins, Cofactors, Minerals and Trace Elements

Hormones and metabolic control

• An Introduction to Endocrinology
• Calcium Metabolism
• Control of Appetite
• Diabetes Mellitus
• HPA and Growth Hormone
• Pituitary Disorders
• The Adrenal Glands and Adrenal Disorders
• The Endocrine Pancreas
• The Thyroid Gland

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Metabolism, Endocrinology

The bones, joints, muscles and nerves of the limbs and back, learnt through common injuries and conditions.

Foundations

• Anatomical Terms
• Basics of Bone Anatomy
• Structure of Bones
• Cartilage: Structure, Growth and Repair
• Connective Tissue
• Joints
• Structure of the Muscles
• Muscles in Action
• Development of the Limbs and Body Wall
• Dermatomes and Myotomes

Upper limb

• Bones of the Upper Limb
• Bones of the Hand
• Key Areas of the Upper Limb
• Muscles of the Shoulder
• Muscles of the Upper Arm
• Muscles of the Forearm
• The Brachial Plexus
• Conditions of the Shoulder and Clavicle
• Conditions of the Arm
• Conditions of the Elbow
• Conditions of the Wrist
• Conditions of the Hand

Lower limb

• Bones of the Lower Limb
• Bones of the Foot
• Key Areas of the Lower Limb
• Muscles of the Gluteal Region
• Muscles of the Thigh
• Muscles of the Lower Leg
• The Lumbar Plexus
• The Sacral Plexus
• Conditions of the Hip
• Conditions of the Thigh
• Conditions of the Knee
• Conditions of the Lower Leg
• Conditions of the Ankle
• Conditions of the Foot

Back and neck

• The Spine
• Conditions of the Back and Neck
• Conditions of the Lower Back

Joint disease and drugs

• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• NSAIDs

Examination guides

• GALS Screening OSCE Examination
• Shoulder OSCE Examination
• Elbow OSCE Examination
• Hand and Wrist OSCE Examination
• Hip OSCE Examination
• Knee OSCE Examination
• Ankle and Foot OSCE Examination
• Spine OSCE Examination

Practice Musculoskeletal System questions on SimpleMed+

The main bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, how the body fights them, and how infection is investigated and treated.

Infection

• Adaptive Immunity
• An Introduction to Infection
• Antibiotics
• Bacterial Structure, Classification and Growth
• Biofilms
• Fungi and Parasites: The Eukaryotic Pathogens
• Gram Staining and Infection Investigations
• Gram-negative Bacteria: Structure, Entry Routes and Endotoxin
• Hepatitis
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
• Innate Immunity
• Principles of Medical Virology
• Sepsis
• Staphylococci and Other Gram-positive Bacteria
• Streptococci
• The Immunocompromised Host
• The Infection Model
• The Organisms Gram Staining Misses
• Travel-related Infections

From other subjects

• Antivirals
• Tuberculosis
• Infections of the Central Nervous System
• Infections of the Reproductive Tract
• Child Immunisations

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Infection, Immunology

Medicine at population scale: how disease is measured, how studies are designed and read, and how prevention and evidence shape care.

Population and Social Science

• Introduction to Population Science
• Epidemiological Studies
• Describing Data and Testing Hypotheses
• Evidence-Based Practice
• Health Economics
• Population and Social Science Summary
• Patient Safety and Quality Control

From other subjects

• Child Immunisations
• Travel-related Infections

Practice Population and Social Science questions on SimpleMed+

The processes behind most disease: inflammation, repair, thrombosis, cancer and immune reactions, and the related blood disorders.

Core disease processes

• Acute Inflammation
• An Introduction to Pathology
• Atherosclerosis
• Basics of Pathology
• Behaviour of Neoplasms
• Cellular Adaptations
• Chronic Inflammation
• Epithelium, Skin and Exocrine Glands
• Haemostasis and Clotting
• How to Read a Histology Slide
• Introduction to Neoplasia
• Pathogenesis of Neoplasms
• Regeneration and Repair of Tissues
• The Lymphatic System
• Thrombosis and Embolism

Immunity and disease

• Food Allergy
• Hypersensitivity Reactions
• Immunological Therapies
• Introduction to Autoimmunity
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Type 1 Hypersensitivity
• The Immunocompromised Host

Blood and clotting

• Anaemia
• Blood Groups, Crossmatching and Transfusion Reactions
• Full Blood Count
• Haematology in Systemic Disease
• Haematopoiesis and the Spleen
• Haemoglobinopathies
• Iron Metabolism
• Vitamin B12 and Folate
• When Haematopoiesis Goes Wrong

Genes and cancer

• DNA Repair and Cancer
• Introduction to Gene Mutation
• Cancer Chemotherapy
• Teratology and Congenital Malformations
• Oxidative Stress

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Pathology, Immunology, Haematology

How beliefs, behaviour and social circumstances affect health, and how clinicians support change in a diverse population.

Patient-Centred Care

• Lifestyle Medicine
• Men's Health
• Ageing

From other subjects

• Models of Health
• Beliefs of the Public
• Nutrition, Diet and Body Weight
• Control of Appetite
• Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders
• Mood Disorders

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Population and Social Science, Patient-Centred Care

How the heart and vessels are built and controlled, how we examine and image them, and common heart and circulation disease.

Structure and function

• Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System
• Embryological Development of the CVS
• The Cardiac Cycle
• Cardiac Conduction and Contraction
• Control of Cardiac Output
• Pulses and Pressures
• Special Circulations

Investigations and disease

• Electrocardiograms
• Electrocardiogram Pathology
• Murmurs
• Hypertension
• Atherosclerosis
• Acute Coronary Syndrome
• Heart Failure
• Artery and Vein Disease
• Congenital Heart Defects
• Haemodynamic Shock

Drugs

• Cardiovascular Drugs
• Hypertension and Heart Failure
• Cardiac Arrhythmias
• Antiplatelets, Anticoagulants and Thrombolysis
• Hyperlipidaemias

Examination guides

• Cardiovascular System OSCE Examination
• Peripheral Vascular OSCE Examination
• Blood Pressure Measurement OSCE Guide
• Varicose Vein OSCE Examination
• Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) OSCE Examination

Practice Cardiovascular System questions on SimpleMed+

How the kidneys filter blood and balance water, salts and acid, how function is measured, and kidney, bladder and prostate disease.

Urinary System

• Acute Kidney Injury
• Anatomy of the Kidneys, Bladder and Urethra
• Chronic Kidney Disease
• Control of Plasma Osmolarity
• Control of Plasma Volume
• Control of Potassium
• Development of the Urinary System
• Diabetic Nephropathy
• Diuretics
• Glomerular Disease
• Glomerular Filtration Rate and the Measurement of Kidney Function
• Hyponatraemia
• Male Urological Conditions
• Micturition
• Prostate Pathology
• The Glomerulus: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion
• The Nephron
• Urinary Incontinence
• Urinary Tract Infections
• Urinary Tract Obstruction
• Urological Malignancy

From other subjects

• Diuretics and Renal Pharmacology

Practice Urinary System questions on SimpleMed+

How we breathe and exchange gases, how lung function is tested, and common airway, infective and malignant lung disease.

Structure and function

• Anatomy of the Respiratory System
• Development of the Respiratory System
• Ventilation and Lung Mechanics
• Properties of Gas Exchange
• Carbon Dioxide Transport
• Chemical Control of Breathing and Plasma pH
• Lung Function Testing

Disease

• Asthma
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Pneumonia and other Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
• Tuberculosis
• Bronchiectasis and Cystic Fibrosis
• Pneumothorax and Pleural Effusion
• Pulmonary Embolism
• Lung Cancer
• Respiratory Failure

Drugs and examination

• Pharmacology of Airway Control
• Respiratory System OSCE Examination

Practice Respiratory System questions on SimpleMed+

How ions and signals cross cell membranes: transport, membrane potentials, receptors and second messengers (small molecules inside the cell that pass on a receptor's signal), and the first principles of drug action (what a drug does to the body, and what the body does to a drug).

Cell Physiology and Biology

• Biological Membranes
• Membrane Transport and Intracellular Calcium Regulation
• Membrane Potentials
• Action Potentials
• G-Protein Coupled Receptors
• Enzyme-linked and Intracellular Receptor Signalling
• Autonomic Nervous System Introduction
• Protein Targeting

Pharmacology

• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Cholinergic Pharmacology
• Adrenergic Pharmacology

From other subjects

• An Introduction to Endocrinology

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Cell Physiology and Biology, Pharmacology

Health at the level of society: inequality, health policy and economics, safety and quality, ageing and caring for people at the end of life.

Population and Social Science

• Models of Health
• Beliefs of the Public
• Health Economics
• Patient Safety and Quality Control
• Population and Social Science Summary

Patient-Centred Care

• Palliative Care
• Ageing
• Falls
• Child Safeguarding
• Men's Health
• Lifestyle Medicine

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Population and Social Science, Patient-Centred Care

Male and female reproductive anatomy, the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and birth, and common gynaecological (female reproductive system), obstetric (pregnancy and birth) and breast conditions.

Reproductive anatomy and physiology

• Anatomy of the Woman
• Anatomy of the Man
• The Pelvic Floor
• Development of the Reproductive System
• Gametogenesis
• Puberty
• The Menstrual Cycle and Menstrual Abnormalities
• Sex, Infertility and Contraception

Pregnancy and the newborn

• The Placenta
• Physiology of the Mother
• Physiology of the Fetus
• Diseases of the Mother in Pregnancy
• Labour and Delivery
• The Postpartum Period
• Teratology and Congenital Malformations
• Basics of Embryology
• Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Newborn Screening

Disease, cancer and the breast

• Infections of the Reproductive Tract
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
• Malignancies of the Reproductive Tract
• Introduction to the Breast
• Benign Conditions of the Breast
• Malignant Breast Disease
• The Menopause
• Reproductive and Post-reproductive Health
• Male Urological Conditions

Examination guides

• Breast OSCE Examination
• Testicular OSCE Examination

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Reproductive System, Embryology

The gut from mouth to rectum plus liver, gallbladder and pancreas: how the gut and these organs develop, how food is digested and absorbed, and the diseases that disrupt them.

Structure and function

• Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract
• Anatomy and Physiology of the Foregut
• Anatomy and Physiology of the Midgut
• Anatomy and Physiology of the Hindgut
• Abdominal Wall and Inguinal Canal
• Gastrointestinal Motility and the Enteric Nervous System
• Gastrointestinal Secretion, Digestion and Absorption
• Liver, Biliary and Exocrine Pancreatic Physiology

Disease

• Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Pathology
• Intestinal Pathology
• Distal Gastrointestinal Tract Pathology
• Hepatic, Biliary and Pancreatic Pathology
• Gastroenteritis and Enterocolitis
• Gastrointestinal Malignancy
• Gastrointestinal Emergencies
• Hepatitis
• Alcohol Metabolism

Drugs and examination

• Drugs Affecting Acid Secretion
• Antiemetics and Laxatives
• Abdominal OSCE Examination
• Rectal (PR) OSCE Examination
• Stoma OSCE Examination
• Hernia OSCE Examination

Practice Gastrointestinal System questions on SimpleMed+

A project on a topic you choose, with its own assessment. These articles cover reading and judging evidence, whatever your topic.

Population and Social Science

• Evidence-Based Practice
• Describing Data and Testing Hypotheses
• Epidemiological Studies
• Introduction to Population Science

Practice Population and Social Science questions on SimpleMed+

The skull, face, neck and special senses in clinical context, with the cranial nerves, blood supply and ear, nose and throat conditions.

Head and neck anatomy

• Anatomy of the Ear
• Autonomics of the Head and Neck
• Blood Supply to the Head and Neck
• Cranial Nerves I-VI
• Cranial Nerves VII-XII
• Development of the Head and Neck
• Ear Pathology
• Fascial Planes, Muscles and Triangles
• Head and Neck Cancers
• Imaging of the Head and Neck
• Introduction to Head & Neck Anatomy
• Lymph Nodes and Neck Lumps
• The Eye
• The Larynx
• The Meninges
• The Nose
• The Oral Cavity and Pharynx
• The Skull
• The Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

Examination guides

• Cranial Nerve OSCE Examination
• Eye and Vision OSCE Examination
• Visual Acuity OSCE Assessment
• Fundoscopy (Ophthalmoscopy) OSCE Examination
• Anterior Segment Eye OSCE Examination
• Ear, Otoscopy and Hearing OSCE Examination
• Nasal OSCE Examination
• Neck Lump OSCE Examination
• Thyroid Status OSCE Examination

Practice Head and Neck questions on SimpleMed+

How the brain and nerves are built and work. Then neurological conditions, such as stroke, and psychiatric conditions, from dementia and mood disorders to psychosis (losing touch with reality, for example seeing or hearing things that are not there).

Structure and function

• Basics of Neuroanatomy
• Cells and Components of the Nervous System
• Development of the Nervous System
• Arterial Supply to the Brain
• Production and Circulation of CSF and Related Disorders
• Somatosensory System
• Motor System
• The Cerebellum: Circuits, Coordination and Clinical Signs
• Reticular Formation
• The Hypothalamus and Limbic System
• Higher Cortical Function
• Visual System
• Auditory and Vestibular Systems

Neurological disease

• Stroke
• Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
• Raised Intracranial Pressure
• Headaches
• Movement Disorders
• Infections of the Central Nervous System
• Epilepsy and Anti-epileptic Drugs
• Parkinson's Disease and Myasthenia Gravis

Psychiatry

• Dementia
• Delirium
• Mood Disorders
• Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders
• Psychosis
• Introduction to Psychopharmacology

Examination guides

• Upper Limb Neurological OSCE Examination
• Lower Limb Neurological OSCE Examination
• Cerebellar OSCE Examination

Practice Neuroanatomy and Psychiatry questions on SimpleMed+

A second round of integrating learning on clinical problems, through common presentations.

Neuroanatomy and Psychiatry

• Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
• Dementia
• Raised Intracranial Pressure

From other subjects

• Index Conditions for OSCE exams
• Heart Failure
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Pulmonary Embolism
• Acute Kidney Injury
• Urinary Tract Infections
• Gastrointestinal Malignancy
• Sepsis in Paediatrics
• Diabetes Mellitus

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Patient-Centred Care, Pathology

How the main drug classes work, how drugs move through the body, and how to prescribe and monitor them safely.

Pharmacology

• Adrenergic Pharmacology
• Anaesthetics
• Antibiotics
• Antiemetics and Laxatives
• Antiplatelets, Anticoagulants and Thrombolysis
• Antivirals
• Cancer Chemotherapy
• Cardiac Arrhythmias
• Cholinergic Pharmacology
• Diuretics and Renal Pharmacology
• Drugs Affecting Acid Secretion
• Epilepsy and Anti-epileptic Drugs
• Hyperlipidaemias
• Hypertension and Heart Failure
• Immunosuppression and Disease-modifying Therapy
• Introduction to Psychopharmacology
• NSAIDs
• Opioids
• Parkinson's Disease and Myasthenia Gravis
• Pharmacodynamics
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacology of Airway Control
• Pharmacology of Insulin
• Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacogenetics
• Poisoning and STOPP/START
• Reproductive and Post-reproductive Health
• Research Methods in Pharmacology
• Safe Prescribing

From other subjects

• Antibiotics

Practice Pharmacology questions on SimpleMed+

Brings Phase 1 together ahead of Phase 2.

Patient-Centred Care

• Sepsis in Paediatrics
• Child Safeguarding
• Falls
• Palliative Care

From other subjects

• Index Conditions for OSCE exams
• Safe Prescribing
• Poisoning and STOPP/START
• Sepsis
• Delirium
• Haematology in Systemic Disease
• Gastrointestinal Emergencies

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Patient-Centred Care, OSCE

A second project on a topic you choose, with its own assessment. These articles cover research methods and evidence.

• Research Methods in Pharmacology
• Molecular Techniques for Medics
• Evidence-Based Practice
• Describing Data and Testing Hypotheses

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: Population and Social Science, Pharmacology

Consultation and examination skills. The guides below cover each examination.

Browse every examination guide on the SimpleMed OSCE hub

Start here

• Index Conditions for OSCE exams
• Blood Pressure Measurement OSCE Guide
• Venepuncture and Blood Cultures OSCE Guide

Heart, lungs and circulation

• Cardiovascular System OSCE Examination
• Respiratory System OSCE Examination
• Peripheral Vascular OSCE Examination
• Varicose Vein OSCE Examination
• Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) OSCE Examination

Abdomen and groin

• Abdominal OSCE Examination
• Rectal (PR) OSCE Examination
• Stoma OSCE Examination
• Hernia OSCE Examination
• Testicular OSCE Examination

Nervous system

• Cranial Nerve OSCE Examination
• Upper Limb Neurological OSCE Examination
• Lower Limb Neurological OSCE Examination
• Cerebellar OSCE Examination

Joints and spine

• GALS Screening OSCE Examination
• Shoulder OSCE Examination
• Elbow OSCE Examination
• Hand and Wrist OSCE Examination
• Hip OSCE Examination
• Knee OSCE Examination
• Ankle and Foot OSCE Examination
• Spine OSCE Examination

Endocrine

• Thyroid Status OSCE Examination
• Diabetic Foot OSCE Examination
• Cushing's Syndrome OSCE Examination
• Acromegaly OSCE Examination

Eyes, ears, nose and neck

• Eye and Vision OSCE Examination
• Visual Acuity OSCE Assessment
• Fundoscopy (Ophthalmoscopy) OSCE Examination
• Anterior Segment Eye OSCE Examination
• Ear, Otoscopy and Hearing OSCE Examination
• Nasal OSCE Examination
• Neck Lump OSCE Examination

Skin, breast and lymph nodes

• Pigmented Skin Lesion OSCE Examination
• Rash and Non-Pigmented Skin Lesion OSCE Examination
• Breast OSCE Examination
• Lymphoreticular OSCE Examination

Surface anatomy

• Anatomical Terms
• Key Areas of the Upper Limb
• Key Areas of the Lower Limb
• Dermatomes and Myotomes

Practice questions on SimpleMed+: OSCE, Patient-Centred Care

Understanding illness from the patient's point of view. These articles cover living with long-term illness.

Patient-Centred Care

• Lifestyle Medicine
• Palliative Care
• Ageing

From other subjects

• Models of Health
• Beliefs of the Public
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Chronic Kidney Disease
• Rheumatoid Arthritis

Practice Patient-Centred Care questions on SimpleMed+